Resourcing talent CIPD Essay

INTRODUCTION Resourcing talent refers to the processes for identifying, assessing, acquiring, developing, and deploying employees who are critical to the company’s success . The issue with many companies today is that their organizations put tremendous effort into attracting employees to their company. The process of attracting and retaining profitable employees, as it is increasingly more competitive between firms and of strategic importance, has come to be known as the war for talent. Factors that affect an organization approach to resourcing talent: While it is certainly important to acquire new talent for the organization, it is worthwhile investigating what talent is already available within the organization and if these can be used to fill any vacancies. Employer branding is the creation of a brand image of the organization for prospective employees. A strong employer brand is about differentiating yourself as an employer of choice, align that single vision to everything you do and amplifying that message across all business strategies. Employer branding sells your workplace culture, values and goals to potential and existing employees. A company needs to identify what sort of people the organization needs with regards to their qualifications and experience and the extent to which they are likely to fit the culture of the organization, its values and norms. Another aspect to take into account is where the organization operates, such as culture of the people already in employment, the local talent or whether it is beneficial to open the recruitment to a wider market. Benefits of attracting and retaining a diverse workforce: Leadership – â€Å"employees join companies and leave managers†: while people often join companies with high expectations, it is often their managers and supervisors that they leave, and not the company. If managers fail to create job satisfaction within their teams, people feel unmotivated and negative. Managers have the power to create a team that is totally engaged or they can drive people to leave their job. Learning opportunities: It is wrong to think that if a company develops its high-potential employees these will leave for another company. High potentials who are not developed and do not  see advancements opportunities will leave the organization even more quickly. Performance recognition and rewards: Employee recognition is a communication tool that reinforces and rewards the most important outcomes people create for your business. When you, as an employer, recognize people effectively, you are reinforcing, with your chosen means of recognition (monetary or non-monetary rewards), the actions and behaviours you most want to see people repeat. Factors that affect the organizations approach to recruitment and selection: â€Å"Recruitment is the process of finding and attracting people to fill the positions in an organisation, with the aim of the activity to find some numbers of qualified job applicants who will take the position it is offered.† Jewell 1998. â€Å"Selection techniques are used to decide which of the applicants is best suited to fill the vacancy in question†¦a negative activity in so far as it involves picking out the best of the bunch and turning down the rest†. Taylor 2002. Factors affecting recruitment and selection are: Time frame: it depends how quickly the job needs to be filled, whether it would be better to recruit internally, which takes less time, or whether the company would benefit to recruit externally and wait a little longer. Internal or external recruitment/Cost involved: Internal recruitment is cheaper and quicker and the employee is already familiar with the organization. It provides opportunity for promotion and motivates the staff. External recruitment takes longer and it is more expensive but the company will benefit from the new ideas the new recruit brings to the organization. There is also a wide market to choose from and a bigger range of experience. Working conditions, salary and benefit packages offered by the organization. Cultural, economic, political and legal factors like reservations of jobs for specific sections of society etc. Benefits of three different recruitment methods: Internal recruitment: It is cheaper and quicker to recruit. People are familiar with the business and how it operates Provides opportunity for promotion within the business and creates motivation for the staff. It is beneficial from a HR perspective as the person is already known and his personal data is already recorded. Job advertisements: Advertisements are the most common form of external recruitment. They can be found in many places (local and national newspapers, notice boards, recruitment fairs). Recruitment agencies: provides employers with details of suitable candidates for a vacancy. They work for a fee and often specialise in particular employment areas. Benefits of three different selection methods: Practical test: these test ability and are usually done for: Manual jobs – trade skills Secretarial jobs – word processing skills Those working in call centres or in telesales – telephone sills Interview: the advantage of face to face interviews is that the researcher can adapt the questions as necessary, clarify doubt and ensure that the responses are properly understood, by repeating or rephrasing the questions. The researcher can also pick up non-verbal clues from the respondent through the body language. Assessment centres: These are generally used by large organisations, particularly when making senior appointments. Individual and group exercises tale place, sometimes over a few days, often including an interview, psychometric test, group discussions and tasks, written exercises and presentations. They can be expensive and time-consuming. Conclusion: â€Å"The firm’s most important resources and capabilities are those which are durable, difficult to identify and understand, imperfectly transferable, not easily replicated, and in which the firm possesses clear ownership control. These are the firm’s ‘crown jewels’ and need to be protected; and they play a pivotal role in the competitive strategy which the firm pursues. The essence of strategy formulation, then, is to design a strategy that makes the most effective use of these core resources and capabilities†. Grant (1991)

Negotiation Journal Rachid

My previous experiences of negotiating real estate properties sale were slightly different from what we got in class. In fact, the logic is quite similar, UT the main difference is that in real life negotiations, I never used a pen and a paper. I remember using concepts like target, limit, and opening except that have never known they had particular names. Expected the Hamilton negotiation to give me an evaluation of my way of running real estate negotiations.I started my preparation by reading the case, understanding the context, and highlighting the most important information was provided with. Based on the data had collected, realized I would be facing a complex situation that has hidden facts and that requires lots of analysis and critic to UN it successfully. As an essential part of my preparation, determined my target, limit, and opening using the facts I was provided with and assumptions made about my counterpart.In the case, there was in my opinion a breaking piece of informa tion that changed my whole perception of the situation. It was mentioned, in the first place, that the land would be more probably used for residential construction due to the fact that commercial construction was not permitted by the law in the Hamilton area. Considering that info, the value of the land should be around what Quince Dive offered us, 8 million $. There was, yet, a piece of info that had high importance in analyzing the case.We are talking here about the fact that Estate Ones' CEO is much known for his long experience in the field, value minimization, and for being extremely well connected politically at the level of the state and local government. When I readied that info, I started raising questions such as â€Å"why Estate One are giving us such a surprisingly late call while they are usually known for their fast reactivity to the projects they are highly interested in? â€Å"This question was actually the hint that pushed me to make a giggly important assumption about my counterpart based on which I determined my target, limit, and opening.I am talking about the assumption that my counterpart got access to breaking news about the state and local government planning to allow commercial construction in the Hamilton area. Thought of that as the most rational explanation of why my counterpart gave me that surprisingly late call and Of why my property was becoming so important to him all of a sudden. The entire point of what was mentioned above is that acquired a highly interesting technique of analyzing the information in hands and building effective assumptions based on info analysis.This strategy demonstrated its effectiveness during the negotiation. I determined my opening to be 70, my limit to be 42 (assuming that Quince Dive might go up to 10% of what they offered initially), and my target to be 65 which is a pretty fair price for the property if it's to be used for commercial construction. My counterpart opening was 45; yet, as long as I gave her the impression that I am expecting the land to be used for commercial construction, she immediately started increasing her offer gradually and so or decreasing the ZAP.My counterpart achieving a 55 million S offer (which is much higher than the value of the property if to be used for residential construction) confirmed the assumption made about my counterpart having different intentions of planned use of the land than what she claimed. We ended up around 60. 5 which was a win-win agreement in my opinion knowing that my counterpart will be waiting for the commercial construction permission to be given.This negotiation was a true learning experience that taught me to deeply analyze and criticize the information I am provided with ND build logic assumption about my counterpart that help figure out the info don't have access to. Second Negotiation : Thesis Wiley. Role Played: UP of Rivers UP of Business Development. Was expecting this negotiation to be tough and challenging. I expected to receive lots of resistance from my counterpart since he was supposed to be a professional and experienced agent in the field of basketball players' endorsement.To get well prepared for the negotiation, I tried to read between the lines to achieve better understanding of the hidden facts. For instance, in the case, there were a couple of hidden facts. The first was the prior face-to-face contact that took place between Wiley and Peak. It was essential to take the existence of such a relationship into account. I actually came to the point, later on, that Wiley and Peak were the real parties of the negotiation. When I thought about it little deeper, Wiley is the basketball player to be endorsed and Peak is the boss and it sounds that an agreement has already been reached between the two. ND Wile's agent were, in fact, just intermediaries and we were supposed to sign the formal agreement. Also as part of my preparation process, tried to understand the exact session where I stood and the nature of the situation and context. Understood that my interests and my boss's interests were slightly different, but I still had to defend the two of them the same way. My boss was highly convinced that Wiley was the right person to be endorsed. I knew I had the challenge to make my boss happy by signing the deal and saving the marketing campaign even though I wasn't too much into endorsing Wiley.The entire point here is that it was crucial to understand what my mission in the negotiation was, the role I was supposed to play, and the position stood in. Furthermore, learned not to base my negotiation entirely on the assumptions made about my counterpart because there was always a probability for them being false. During my negotiation I faced a situation that proved that. I made the assumption that my counterpart got access to the market average data. I built that assumption on the basis that Wile's agent was a professional and experienced agent.At some point in the n egotiation, I realized that my assumption turned out to be false. I believe that my counterpart didn't have the right information about the market average. Sincerely, I got the impression that my counterpart didn't take enough time to read the case which resulted in him not mastering the data he was provided with in the text. That was a typical example of how weak your position gets when you are not well prepared and when you don't know enough information about your counterpart.Even though that was a point of which took advantage of to balance the negotiation to my side, it was a useful lesson to keep in mind. That very same situation taught me another interesting point which I might call effective reactivity. Actually, my untreated behaved in a surprising and chocking manner which gave me the impression he was neither professional nor experienced. It was very important for me to react effectively to his behaviors. I learned how to react properly to my counterparts behaviors and use that to strengthen my position.In future negotiations, applying the concepts and skills I acquired in this negotiation will certainly help me run them more successfully and effectively. Third Negotiation: TERSE Ay/ KIRKS Ay. Role Played: Aroma, Sales' Representative of KIRKS. My role in this negotiation was Aroma, the sale representative of KIRKS. I expected this negotiation to be tough and time consuming. Indeed, it was. Since we had many terms to agree upon, expected this negotiation to be like no one of those did before. I was used to run negotiations that either didn't include any detailed terms or included very few.This negotiation taught me a new way of negotiating. It was very important to master the details and content of every term and set a specific and clear strategy to negotiate it. It was the first time to be provided with such complex and diverse terms. As a part of the preparation, I discussed with my teammate each term and we determined for each one a target, a limi t, and an opening point. That highly helped us in terms of controlling the flow of the negotiation and doing the right type of discounts.. Therefore, it was very important to create harmony, connection, and cohesion between different terms of the negotiation.A considerable amount of time was devoted to each one of the terms. When my counterpart gave us a call to request for the four engines, we started raising questions about their current situation and their relationship with Big Blue. As far as we knew, Big Blue was the sole supplier of TERSE; therefore, e thought there should be a problem with them calling us for an urgent request Of four servers. Either Big Blue service was not satisfying anymore, especially taking into account that their reputation has been going so bad, or that they were not able to deliver what TERSE was requesting for.We just tried to use this kind of analysis to manipulate the negotiation and, indeed, we started the negotiation by asking our counterparts ab out their relationship with Big Blue and their current business situation. That was kind of destabilize question, but they did manage it though. The entire point am ring to make here is that I learned to push my counterpart to talk via asking him/her questions. This way I can figure out the information he/she might be hiding from me.Our aim behind doing this negotiation was, in fact, to sign the deal in the first place because both I and my company were behind our expected results; but also to achieve long term agreements and collaboration with TEPEE. We knew that TERSE had future plans to expand their business in the neighboring states, so we thought it would be highly beneficial for us to sign long term agreements with them. That was, actually, exactly what appended. We did provide them with discounts concerning services, support, and training in exchange of signing a contract to get the next four servers from us.In my opinion, that was a good starting point for signing potential long term agreement in the future. The point I am trying to make is that I learned to think in terms of short terms / long term agreements. Now, I believe I become a better negotiator; one who makes clear distinction between short term and long terms deals and agreements. When you know what your exact objectives are, you know what discounts and sacrifices you re supposed to do. Last but not least, I learned to use currencies properly.The good thing about currencies is that you use them as a joker when you can't do any further discounts in terms of the overall price of the deal. Even though the currencies might be costly, they still give the impression that they are worth more than their actual value. For instance, we agreed at the end to provide some services for free. It still costs as money, but not as much as what a discount on the price of the servers would cost us. Fourth Negotiation: Flagship Airways. Role Played: S. Gordon, UP of Engendering I started this negotiation by meet ing with my teammates who represent the UP of maintenance and the UP of finance.We discussed the interests and concerns of each one of us and we set a strategy that we will follow to meet and defend the interests of the whole group. This negotiation was unique compared to the ones did before, in the sense that, the three of our group members had slightly different interests and objectives to achieve. Therefore, it was crucial to effectively listen to each other and try to find a common ground and a consensus. Once we determined our target, limit, and opening for the various terms of the contract based on the consensus reached, we started the negotiation with our counterparts.

Jose Rizal Essay

As all Filipinos very well know Jose Rizal has written many books like Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo to expose the hardship Filipinos are experiencing during the Spanish Time without fearing for what would happen to his life because of this. He was even exiled in Dapitan because of his writing and during this time he did not stop helping and even taught the villagers there the importance of education and as a doctor cured those who are sick. His intentions were clear, the willingness to help is always there. I think this is the first step in showing the Fiipinos his intention of helping our fellow Filipinos to build a nation. Our Forefathers became aware of the abuses being done in our country because of what Rizal had written therefore awakening the Filipinos knowledge to build a nation not under the influence of any Foreign People but a nation which should be protected and loved by its citizen. The intentions also of the Foreign Leadership that was happening in our country that time were revealed by his writing. Abuses of the soldiers, Friars and other Spanish leaders were exposed to the people and analysing such would be comparing the corruption happening even during those days. Corruption has been a root cause on why a nation suffers. Jose Rizal during his last days made thru to his intention of his love for the Nation so that it could be strong. Sacrificing his life for the Nation who during that time is so afraid and awakening the Katipunan to stand strong against Foreign Colonialism is surely an indication that this is the start of a strong Nation not afraid to face aggression and to love this country which should be governed by its people and showing his undying love by sacrificing himself just to spark its country man, therefore it is my opinion that Rizal is the spark to build a strong nation here in our Country.

Managing Airline Operations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Managing Airline Operations - Essay Example From this discussion it is clear that  the two companies, easy jet company, and the Singapore airlines are both operating on competitive priorities to enable them fit efficiently in the market. The EasyJet Company has focused on low cost air flights. In fact, they were regarded as the cheapest European airline. The low cost priority has enabled them to compete favorably against giant players in the same field.   Also in their competitive priorities, the company has chosen to use identifiable marketing and operational techniques. Such techniques include the use of one type of aircrafts, rapid turnaround time, no in flight meals, and provision of cost conscious customer care services.  This paper outlines that  Singapore airlines as well are utilizing competitive priorities to operate well in the market. Some of the competitive priorities of this company include being positioned as premium carrier that has engaged in high quality services as well as high level of innovation in their service delivery charter.   The company is thus emphasizing on profitability rather than its size. In order to achieve these competitive strategies, the company has embarked on a number of internal organizational practices which enables it stay on top in the market competition and fight for the lion share of the market segment.  Some of the organizational strategies include continuous development of people and maintaining a consistent service design.

Post-war Manga and Animes comments on Japanese Society Essay

Post-war Manga and Animes comments on Japanese Society - Essay Example ever, through the aforementioned description it is abundantly clear that an Anime is equivalent to a regular cartoon but there are significant variations in how it is produced and the plot of the cartoon is designed, which is much more mature compared to the plot involved in American animations. Manga, which simply a name for Japanese comic book has inspired several Animes. These Animes does not only revolve around a much more mature protagonists and antagonists but their plots and sub-plots discuss more weighty issues faced by the society. The substance of this prose will examine the plots of Animes and mangas that were developed by creators during the post-war era in Japan. (Brenner, 2007) As we all know that the World War II was an epochal period in the history of Japan that redefined Japanese culture. As mentioned earlier, Animes were not just mere form of entertainment for the young population, but were meant to signify the changes and revolution that took place and are rapidly taking place in the Japanese community. As the war had a significant amount of impact on the dynamics of the Japanese society, the aftermath of the nuclear disaster seemed more pronounced on the thematic pattern followed by the Animes and mangas and they artists incorporated a strong element pertaining to nuclear apocalypses and the plot largely focuses on how the disaster affected adolescents and youngster as a result of the attack. (Napier, 2005) Despite the solemnity the subject of war usually radiates, according to film scholar Jerome Shapiro the playfulness in the Animes is an essential feature of their aesthetic sense and storytelling sense, he states: â€Å"Richie’s description of aware is substantially incomplete and misleading†¦ Mono no Aware†¦ is only half of a very complex... Japanese Manga and Animes have a huge fan following in Japan and it has a sizeable amount of followers on a global front as well. Even though, Japanese Animes and mangas are more like art form involving a stylized exaggeration in the representation and formation of character. Unlike normal cartoons, Japanese Animes have strong plot and does not have the same element of slapstick comedy involved also their visual characteristics may involve a strong influence of Japanese Calligraphy as the brush strokes used to draw various characters. As it is described by Richie, the Second World War was not only a spur to the creativity of Japanese people but also resulted in a spiritual revolution amongst the people and there came an uncanny resemblance to Buddhist ideology and doctrines and even resulted in the contemporary society of members of Japan adopting them. Hence, these post-war mangas and Anime does not only describe the ordeal of the people but also discuss the spiritual revolution that was brought about by it. The classic good vs. evil fight that is the main plot of Japanese animated and non-animated usually stems from Buddhistic beliefs in â€Å"Mappo† or the ends days of the world when the world would fall into complete chaos as people go further and further away from the teachings of Buddha and at that last possible moment the advent of the Maitreya Buddha; a saviour would navigate the world out of chaos and start a new world order. This is the typical scenario that is sketched by all the Animes and manga s and these are not only meant to be cautionary or foretell the advent of the saviour but are meant to reinforce the belief in the above mentioned spiritual teachings.

1. What is meant by 'value' and how it is different from 'principle' Assignment

1. What is meant by 'value' and how it is different from 'principle' 2. Plan on how you will enhance your 'interpersonal skills' - Assignment Example Interpersonal skills generate effective channels in the external environment of a given individual. Developing interpersonal skills requires building rigid relationships between family members, neighbors and workers. This process entails reciprocating favors, appreciating existing relationship within given environments (Wright, 2007). Ethical behavior dictates individual position within a society. Team unity originates from reliable ethical behavior and professionalism. Various organizations demand various levels of interpersonal relations. Identifying personal goals builds focus on decisive directions for an individual or group. Empathy is a virtue that promotes interpersonal skills and depicts equality and generosity. Personal ethics require a routine regulation to improve interpersonal skills. This development mandates an assessment of individual ethics. As such integrity plays a significant role towards developing behavior and character. Developing exceptional character entails evaluating individual deeds based on the effect on other people’s lives. Conflict resolution is an indicator of developing interpersonal skills. Rendtorff, J. D. (2010). Power And Principle In The Market Place On Ethics And Economics. Farnham, Surrey, England, Ashgate.

History ( global civilization ) Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

History ( global civilization ) - Term Paper Example This was the reason for the east and native rebellions for their trade increases. The main reason for the partition of Africa was that in 1882, Britain took it over and in 1890’s it took the biggest share of the east - central Africa, Sudan and Rhodesias. In 1898, there were conflicts with France and Germany. 1n 1900, Europeans led only Ethiopia and Liberia leaving the rest of Africa. The European partitioners thought of Africa as a mirage and cared more about vision rather than reality. In the view of Africans it was unification what Europeans thought as partition. Soon after the partition of Africa, the Europeans started initiating colonization and political units within their societies with diversified history and cultural background. By the end of 19th Century, the Europeans divided the major part of Africa amongst themselves. Finally, the African nationalists took over the artificial units made by Europeans who dominated and exploited Africa (Koponen, pp.

Management of Design and Innovation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6000 words

Management of Design and Innovation - Essay Example The scope of design management extends to the internal and external interfaces of the firms. Design management usually is a long and continuous activity which influence the performance of the firms at all levels. Design management processes are practiced by people having different levels of authorities and trainings. Such people function with multiple orientations covering various kinds of organisations of different sizes and nature. Koppelmann and Spies (1993) opine that design management is having multifarious facets and there are different opinions about design management. This paper details the design management process and the application of design management in the case of Zara clothing Spain as a case study. Technology is said to be at the heart of any manufacturing company. The technology helps in designing the products or the processes required to manufacture the products. It is critically important for the companies, that the existing technologies are assimilated into the business, and also anticipate the impact of the emerging technologies on the designs, products, and processes. This is considered critical as the companies are always under constant pressure to bring new products to the market as quickly as possible. Thus the purpose of any organization is to provide the customers products or services with the best possible quality and at affordable price which is greatly facilitated by the design management. An organization is sure to gain a competitive advantage through designs that bring new ideas to the market quickly, do a better job of satisfying the customer needs, or are easier to manufacture, use, and repair than existing products and services. Design can be understood as a critical process for a firm. Strategically design defines a firm's customers as well as its competitors. It capitalizes on the core competencies of a

What Was Thatcherism In What Sense Was It Radical Or Conservative Essay

What Was Thatcherism In What Sense Was It Radical Or Conservative - Essay Example The first is that in 20th-century Britain she was the only leader to govern over three consecutive general elections, and through eleven years of service as Prime Minister she set the record for that century. Second, as the first and so far only woman British Prime Minister, Margaret Thatcher is strikingly the one individual to bequeath her name to an operative philosophy for a political course of action and modus operandi known as Thatcherism.1 Among other things, the philosophy is said to have initiated the movement from government to governance in which greater centralization, or a stronger state, is seen as paramount for the creation of a more energetic free market.2 In the wake of the 1978-1979 winter of discontent, after the Labour Party had been plagued with a stifling series of strikes by public service employees demanding better wages, the Labour government succumbed to union demands for a wage increase. The settlement met with scathing censure by Thatcher, who initiated the call for a vote of No Confidence. The subsequent 311-310 vote, left the ruling Labour Party and its government overwhelmingly defeated.3 Margaret Thatcher, as leader of the Conservative Party, campaigned for a fresh start by advocating energetic trade union control, an assertive market economy, free enterprise, radical reductions in government spending, tax cuts, a stable currency, and a reinvigorated foreign policy. Thatcher believed in private enterprise and personal accountability, and took a strong stand for family values, home ownership, reasonable personal savings, improved educational prospects, and renewed commitment to law and order.4 Thatcher's government steadily weakened trade union muscle, specifically with a determined response to the coal miners' strike of 1984-1985. The passage of measures such as rate capping and the introduction of the conflict-ridden Poll Tax in 1989 were initiated in an attempt to curb local government expenditure.5 In addition, the elimination of specific metropolitan councils, such as the abolition of the Greater London Council in 1986, were moves intended to further check local government power.6 Another long-term effort to promote consumerism and individual initiative was to privatise a large number of formerly state-owned businesses such as British Aerospace, The National Bus Company, Associated British Ports, Jaguar, and British Telecom, to name just a few.7 In addition, Thatcherism professed a strong thrust for nationalism as evinced in the Conservative government's forceful response to the 1982 clash with Argentina over the Falklands.8 In Thatcher's last term, as a consequence of rifts in the cabinet over matters concerning the European Community, the wholesale antagonistic reaction of the public to the London Poll Tax, a negative stance on the part of many to her assertive style as Prime Minister, and ultimately the diehard intransigence of much of her own Conservative Party, Thatcher resigned in 1990.9 Even though the economy in the United Kingdom enjoyed improvement in the late 1980s, in the years following Thatcher's administration, a grave economic decline with high unemployment ensued.10 Still, Thatcherism seems to enjoy a certain theoretical resilience in the face of the rational and empirical imperfections of its ephemeral results.11 If Thatcherism reflects a governing philosophy built on the policies and style of leadership of Margaret Thatcher, the broader spectrum of its interpretation and application reaches beyond Thatcher's own elucidation to entail lasting political imperatives for a conglomerate of free markets, fiscal discipline, strong control over public expenditure, tax incentives, nationalism, Victorian

Human services legislation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Human services legislation - Essay Example overty level was increasing at a rapid rate, which made the Johnson administration to come up with a program that would be run by the government to try and reduce the poverty level. The legislation worked out well because the poverty level was greatly reduced over time to a lower level. Expounding on the war on poverty will paint a clear picture on the impact and benefits of the legislation. The war on poverty is a legislation that was pioneered by United States president Johnson Lyndon in a state address. Johnson proposed the legislation in response to the rising poverty rates. The proposal allowed the United States congress to pass the economic opportunity act which then instituted the office of economic opportunity to oversee the local application of funds aimed against poverty. Johnson believed in increasing the government’s roles in reducing poverty and bettering education and health care as strategies of reducing the poverty rates. Johnson had an aim of not to cure the symptoms of poverty, but to cure it and above all, to prevent it. During Johnson’s administration hearing before the select committee on poverty of the committee on labor and public welfare, President Johnson decided that the United States was not going to put up with the increasing poverty rates anymore (Zarefsky, 1986). The notion was that prosperity alone was not going to get rid of the increasing poverty rates. Johnson emphasized that the war on poverty would create job opportunities, and also lead to planning and organization of resources, to break the cycle of poverty in communities. The main social problems were poor education and health care, lack of job opportunities, poor transportation and urban problems. According to Phelps, this is why President Johnson found it more convenient to curb those social problems in order to fight poverty in a more orderly manner (2014). This is especially because poverty is related to issues such as lack of education, jobs, proper healthcare

An Analysis of the Evolution of the E-Business in America Essay Example for Free

An Analysis of the Evolution of the E-Business in America Essay Economic transactions have taken a toll of revolutions and evolutions from the most historic barter deals to currency minting to bank-to-bank transactions, and finally, electronic business. Undeniably, the phenomenal effect of information technology to the lives of common man has caught the complexities of all branches of science and economics in a single matrix. Similarly, it has extinguished spatial boundaries in the business arena. Upon the advent of the accessibility of the internet or the World Wide Web to the public in 2004, it has been deemed that e-commerce will shortly follow through. So thus soothsayers and journalists manifest into the world this forecast. Company websites and internet servers sprouted like wild mushrooms here and there, flooding the virtual world with what’s it’s’ people cannot usually find for themselves. A unique gadget which can be found nowhere at a shopping mall is now easy to find at Ebay or Amazon. om, or shopping for clothes can also be done via ordering online, and sending emails or conversing with another entity half an earth away through instant messengers now became a common activity to the technologically savvy. A worldwide acknowledgment of this phenomenon has now slowly shifted every human paradigm there is. This evolutionary way of business ‘anytime-anywhere scheme’ or transacting across the planet in only a matter of seconds has put leverage to the face of business vis-a-vis human technology. E-business or e-commerce, also known as EC, has now penetrated all elements of life, particularly the world of commerce and economics. Today, e-business is now the most preferred way of dealing with and between firms. In the fields of traveling, media, logistics, telecommunication, and manufacturing, as identified by Horsti, Tolonen and Brannback (2003) in their study of five electronic business models, it showed that operating a business backed by ecommerce and proper management of personnel skills and customer relationships is a critical success factor (CSF) and always has a direct correlation to business success. This gives light to the logic as to why bankers and corporations alike have resorted to sending orders and invoices via internet instead of sending messengers or bulky packages to each other and wait for days before the same arrives at each other’s doorstep. On an individual basis, transacting with another online instead of going to a bank and undergoing the tedious process of lining-up and filling out slips and various withdrawal or deposit forms has been the hip. Online credit card transactions has also been the trend nowadays especially to the technologically savvy. As Moslein (2001) would argue, the rise of ecommerce has extinguished traditional boundaries and spatial constraints of conducting business. So what really is it behind e-business and what makes everyone indubitably caught up with this intertwining net of transactions? In this paper, the aforementioned is put to a limelight along with a detailed analysis of the e-business phenomenon. A projection as to how e-business in America will perform in the short-run is also forecasted. Pros and cons of doing e-business as well as important dissections of it are also included herein. The first part of this paper shall serve as a guideline as to how discussion will flow and what models and methods were used in shedding light to the subject matter at hand. It also serves as briefer to the latter portions which delve deeper to the subject matter. The latter portions shall plainly consist of the author’s own views with regard to the topic, however, with sources to buttress proof of claims. The summary and conclusions are second to the last parts before providing a list of references used in this research. Statement of the Issues/Problems The dawning of the internet and the birth of ecommerce in which e-business arose forthwith has also given birth to online corporations and rebirth to traditional enterprises. However, the new age technology has also given birth to various risks and opportunities for misers to tamper with the gifts of technology to the disadvantage of those who are faithful in their dealings. In this regard, the primary thrust of this paper is to analyze the gradual paradigm shift of business in America to the modern e-business taking into consideration the management decisions of enterprises vis-a-vis the costs and risks in engaging into e-business. Further, this paper rests with the issue on how ecommerce evolved to what it is today. Given these matters, the ultimate question this paper aims to answer is: Why do businesses continue to prefer to do e-business despite online security threats and risks? Hypothesis E-business is a response of various industries to the market forces affecting it, and amidst costs and risks, the benefits of e-business to enterprises prove to shape corporate success, help industries maximize benefits and positively affect the entire business industry as a whole. Methodology This paper is a result of a collaboration, compilation, corroboration and interpretation from various sources of information gathered mostly through the internet. Various theories in economics and business management are also used to prove certain stands pertinent to the subject matter. The author has also included newspaper articles and opinions from renowned columnists all of which can also be accessed through the internet. The said sources were streamlined for this purpose of incorporating into this subject matter all indispensable elements of e-business. It is important to highlight that this paper is not to measure e-business per se because of the very volatility and fast speed of growth and advancement of the e-business itself. As stated by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), measuring e-business and quantifying the elements of convenience and easy access to information is impossible given the current fast-changing nature of the market (OECD, 1998). Hence, this paper has enumerated the costs and benefits instead and weighed both in the light of the evolution of e-business to the stage. Degree of Reliance of Statistical Data/Literature Search The author has chosen only those sources which are strongly correlated and are very pertinent to e-business. For statistical data, there is an interim degree of reliance from high to medium degree, since statistics were conducted by professional research institutions and quoted from high grade literature. With regard to articles and sources, most of the studies consulted where products of doctorate and master’s degree holders who are expert in this field notwithstanding those who gave garnered distinctions (i. e. Nobel Prize, Pulitzer, etc. in the field of economics. Therefore, there is a high level of reliance on their studies. A Description of the Research Design This paper is purely research based and one which does not involve interpretation of raw statistical data. Due to the broad and constantly changing nature of e-business, a survey of the entire America is implausible. Thus, it is best to resort to data that have been gathered by reliable research institutions concentrating on the same subject matter. The literatures used herein are mostly second-hand ones and are retroactive in its nature such that theories used are identified as paradigms. Despite being cited and further cited in various citations, the theory is not eroded. Thus, citations of the same coming from other citations, or a chain of citations in one citation, are valid. It is also important to note that despite the varying nature of the sources used in this paper, the discussion shall not be deprived of important knowledge as regards the subject matter. Models Followed The paper follows three specific models in economics: the law on supply and demand, the model on cost-benefit analysis (CBA) and the game theory. This is because these three easy-to-understand theories are also the primary considerations of CEOs in choosing management decisions and doing other management strategies. In accordance with the objectives of this paper, various researches shall also be inculcated herein to give various theories and conceptions an equal footing as regards the topic. As a clarification, there are no current researchers who have analyzed the nature of e-business extensively and collaboratively using the aforementioned theories. Therefore, literature reviews are primarily based on historical findings on the evolution of e-business, analyses of various researchers on the nature of economics vis-a-vis ecommerce and not on concurrent ecommerce theories. This is also because majority of ecommerce theories are offspring of the theories on economics. Moreover, ecommerce theories may be relevant to the subject matter but are not directly connected to the topic such that answers to the research questions as aforementioned were more founded by basic economic theories rather than the specialized ecommerce theories on web-hosting and online selling.

Machievelli Biography Essay Example for Free

Machievelli Biography Essay Machiavelli lived during the Renaissance era of the Medieval times. In this time period many concepts and ideas were being reborn, including the Christian faith. He lived during a time period in which the people of the time thought of the Black Plague as a symptom of judgment upon the sinfulness of the land. These same people began to scourge themselves in order to express their sorrow and therefore remove God’s judgment laid upon them. Although Machiavelli lived long after the fall of the Roman Empire, he lived in an Italy that had evolved into a war-torn battleground between the city state dynasties. There were conflicts between the French and Spanish for the control of land. Machiavelli lived in a time of growing political powers and a Christian community that was adapting and changing according to the claims of the Reformers. Machiavelli had a goal: he sought to create a dichotomy between ethical Christianity and the Ethical demands of political rule. The 15th and 16th century world focused on theologically reforming the Church. Many reformers of the time and before Machiavelli’s life, including the 14th century reformer John Wycliffe, wrote on how the papacy of the Church had grown far too powerful. During Machiavelli’s life St. Francis was teaching the commoners about Jesus, and the commoners began relating to Christ. The Church was not only effected by the reformers and the teachings of St. Francis, but it was also effected by itself; it was hurting itself. The church fought against the reformers, condemning them as heretics; the church was threatened by the words of reform. Machiavelli lived among the Christians and like many of the reformers he was seeking a reform between the Church and the State. Essentially, Machiavelli writes to prove that being a moral ruler and a person are two separate ideas, in the case of extreme circumstances and, like Luther, there are two kingdoms independent of each other. Machiavelli probably wouldve been considered a think tank of his time and he believed that a ruler, or anyone may publicly state that they are Christians yet exhibit no real conviction. In the eleventh chapter of The Prince Machiavelli argued that Ecclesiastical principalities were to be desired because the people who inhabited them were governed by their own religious laws. Machiavelli viewed these laws as tools, tools to prevent unruly citizens within the principalities rather than to enforce outside rules. Machiavelli idealizes an idea completely different from the church, that politics is something that deals with facts and not abstracts, that it is a challenge to the notion of both Pope Gregory VII and Pope Innocent III’s â€Å"Divine Right to rule.†3 Machiavelli realized that the divine right to rule theory is nothing but a religious idea that does not work with the present state of man. Machiavelli also understood that human corruption and sin is an unending prob lem that rulers need to deal with. Machiavelli continues by suggesting that being a moral leader does not mean that one is a good leader as good leadership leads to order, stability, and public good. He claimed that when order, stability, and public good are threatened a ruler cannot risk limiting their actions by piety or virtue. Machiavelli believed that morals stood in the way of success, that rulers need to learn how to not be good, and be willing to kill. While the religious leaders saw Machiavelli as non-Christian and destructive, Machiavelli states that leaders need to administer necessary evils in efforts to maintain order and stability within their rule, that humans can be predicted through reason. The Church saw his political agenda as lacking in Christian ethics; however, his political reform lines up with Christian thinkers and with Christian ethics of generosity, compassion, and even the golden rule as we see in Saint Augustine’s and St. Benedict’s writings. An initial consideration of Machiavellis thoughts on generosity, we notice that he believes it is good to be considered a generous person, but that it is dangerous to do so. Although sounding contradictory to Christianity, Machiavellis reasoning lies in the Christian idea of doing the most good for as many people as possible. Machiavelli argues that being generous requires that the ruler imposes new ways of revenue collection and therefore make his subjects hate him and lead to a guarantee that no one will think well of him.1 Machiavelli makes a similar case for compassion, in that it is better to be seen as cruel then it is to be viewed as loving, if necessary. He asserts that as the head of an army a ruler needs to â€Å"be prepared to be thought cruel.† The same Christian idea can be used to explain his argument as before. In the words of Star Trek’s Spock, â€Å"the needs of the many outweigh the needs of the few†. Machiavelli states that its more compassionate to impose harshness on a few rather than make use of compassion and risk chaos to take place.2 If we look back to St. Augustine’s The City of God 4 we learn that rulers and people are dominated by their own selfish lust for power, whereas in the City of God, which Luther also makes notions of in his Doctrine of The Two Kingdoms, people serve one another in charity. Under this assumption we see that men do not serve out of charity, but rather serve in a situation of do unto others as you would have done to yourself. Perhaps Machiavelli agreed with this view of Christianity. Machiavelli’s ruler never commits an act that they would not have done to themselves. I think the Machiavellian ruler loves their neighbor as much as themselves. Machiavelli sees the political field as a place for necessary evil. He believes, out of love, that some evil must take place in order to benefit the most people. Machiavelli saw the world he lived in as a two kingdom place, like Luther and St. Augustine did. He viewed human history for what it was, not what it could be; he saw people as evil and sick. Machiavelli’s picture of human history took into account the human equation, that we are sinful and therefore predictable, which he believes will lead to a better understanding of the future.

Nestlé Corporate Governance Business Principles

Nestlà © Corporate Governance Business Principles Nestle is a flat organisation with few levels of management and span of control was founded in 1866 by Henri Nestlà © at VeVey (Switzerland). Currently Nestle` is one of the worlds largest Nutrition, health and wellness company and committed to provide the best Nutritional food products around the world, moreover, in order to ensure company long term sustainable growth, Company constantly reviews its product portfolio and focuses on its efforts. Also better understand the need of customer, nestle monitor consumer panels by conducting research. Consequencely, success of Nestle is a reflection of clear define responsibilities, reflection of professionalism, responsible attitude of management, well defined objective as well as significant global leadership position Company Brands: The Nestlà © brand portfolio such as milk and dairy products, nutritions, weight management, performance and healthcare, breakfast cereals, ice cream, coffee and culinary products (prepared dishes, cooking aids, sauces) pet care, bottled water etc. practically cover all food and beverage categories. Many of them have leadership both locally and globally market and existed for several years, for instance S.Pellegrino the mineral water from Italy and Nestlà © Moà §a in Brazil, are l over 100 years old.The best-known global brands include Nescafà ©, Nestea, Maggi, Buitoni, Purina and Nestlà © itself other brands also sell in many countries for instance Milo, Nespresso, Nesquik, Kit Kat, Smarties, Polo, Friskies, Perrier and Vittel. It is considered that total number of brands including local and international reaches into several thousands Nestlà © Corporate Governance Management Management professional skills, Curiosity and open-mindedness as well as a high level of interest in other cultures, also commitment to continuous learning, improving, and sharing knowledge, also ability to motivate staff in order to contribute wider group performance and willing to take risks and maintain composure under pressure and involvement of each employee at all levels are concerned with continuously adding value to company. Business Principles Company business principles are based on fairness, honesty and sound human values also to follow local legislation, religious practices and culture, Therefore, company respect and follow all applicable local laws around the world. Company objective is to market and manufacture the products such a way to create long term value for business partner, shareholders, consumers, and employees, to ensure the highest standard of organisation Nestle believes legislation is the effective safeguard of responsible conduct Code of Business Conduct The Nestlà © Code of Business Conduct helps the continued implementation of the Corporate  Business Principles and the nature of this Code are designed to provide a frame of reference against all possible situations that may occur. Moreover the purpose of this code is to Employees should seek guidance when they are in doubt situation, act legally and honestly and avoid all those conduct which may damage Nestle reputation also give preference to Companys interests instead of personal or other interests. Compliance with laws, rules and regulations Conflicts of Interest Outside directorships and other outside activities Families and Relatives Corporate opportunities Insider trading Antitrust and fair dealing Confidential information Fraud, protection of company assets, accounting Bribery and corruption Gifts, meals, entertainment Discrimination and harassment Failure to comply Reporting illegal or non-compliant conduct Articles of Association Company amends new Articles of association in General meeting of 23 April 2009.Article of association consist of five main categories, which is as under  General  Article 1 Article 2 Corporate name; registered offices; Duration and Purpose. This category is consisting of two sub category or bias in which they explain company name, company registration and company purpose Share Capital. Article 3 Share capital Article 3bis Conditional share capital. On this section it has been explained the share capital of Nestle which is 100 000 000 registered shares and the value of each is CHF0.10 is worth CHF 10 000 000 (ten million Swiss francs). Also explain the shareholder rights to subscribe the new share and also point out the board of director power to may limit or withdraw the shareholder right to subscribe for new shares. Article 4 Share certificates; Dematerialised shares This article section has discussed the issue regarding registered shares or certificate. Moreover, it shows that valid certificate must be signed by two boards of directors, in case of cease shareholder have right to demand back the certificate at no cost. Article 5 Share register: This section of article has explained Recoganisation request of shareholder for voting right is based on company Recoganisation furthermore, registered shareholder with voting rights must have account owner and the minimum limit for voting right is more than 5 % of the share also Board of Directors shall announce regulations relating to the registration of nominees to ensure compliance with these Articles of Association. III. Organisation of Nestlà © Article 6 Powers of the General Meeting The firs article of this category has explained the power of General Meeting for instance: The General Meeting of shareholder will discuss the article of association also elect and remove the member of the board and approve the consolidated annual financial report also take all decisions which is by law and or under the articles of Association. Article 7 Annual General Meeting The Annual General Meeting held each year twice after the close of the financial year of Nestlà ©. Article 8 Extraordinary General Meeting 1 Extraordinary General Meetings convened by the Board of Directors on the request of shareholder whose holdings at least one tenth of the share capital. Article 9 Notice of General Meetings; Agenda 1 Extraordinary General Meetings convened by notice in the Swiss Official Gazette of Commerce with in twenty days before the date fixed also Shareholders may be informed by ordinary mail and allow one or more share holder whose combined represent at least 0.15 % of share capital allow request about the agenda of general meeting and made proposal . Article 10 Presiding officer; Minutes: The secretary of the board kept the minutes of General Meeting also Chairman or any member of the Board of Directors shall pre ­side and carry all procedural powers about General Meeting. Article 11 Voting rights; Proxies This article will explain that each recorded share with voting rights confers one Vote also in General meeting with respect to own shares or represented in excess of 5% shall be counted as one share holder. Article 12 Quorum and decisions This article will discuss about the voting and decision making process for instance duly constituted General Meetings irrespective of the number of shareholders or by the Articles of Association or law, also shareholders elections and resolutions will be decide by the majority of the shares represented. B. Board of Directors Article 14 15 Number of Directors and Term of office The Board of Directors shall consist of at least seven members also board shall be elected for a three years by the General Meeting. Furthermore each year board renewed by rotation also board will establish new order of rotation in the case of increase or decrease of board of director. Article 16 Organisation of the Board; Remuneration This article explains about board of director responsibility for instance the selection of chairman and voice chairmen also define board regulation and assignment of responsibilities. Article 17 Powers of the Board in general This article define the general power of board director can conduct business to the extent that is not within the board regulation or general meeting. Article 18 Specific powers of the Board the section of article define the board of director power for instance the board regulation, accounting and financial control, the appointment of new staff, the ultimate supervision, the preparation of business report , preparation of General meeting also the opening and closing of new and old branch office. Auditors Article 20 21 Number of Auditors; Term of office and Rights and duties of Auditors The auditor shall appoint for a term of one year in General Meeting and will verify the annual financial statement of company and submits this report in the General Meeting. Nestle- Nespresso AAA sustainable quality program Nestle has organised multi-stakeholder Programme in the coffee sector to introduce environmental, social and economical consideration in the supply chain for instance management of raw material from supplier to manufacturer or service provider to customer with improvement of environmental and social impact. Nestle Recent News. Nestlà © to sell remaining Alcon shares to Novartis 04 Jan 2010 Nestlà © S.A. has transfer the Alcon remaining 156,076,263 shares representing around 52% of the companys issued and outstanding share to Novartis, accordance with the contract agreed on 6 April 2008.Moreover, the reason for transfer the control are gradually based on three issues for instance, the divestment of Alcon the initial IPO of 23.25% in 2002, the sale of 24.8% in 2008 and the exercise of the call option by Novartis. Alcon was acquired by Nestlà © in 1977 for USD 280 million. Nestlà © opens global RD Centre to develop new generation of biscuits On 05-Jan-2010 Nestlà © has open a Global RD Center in Santiago de Chile. The New RD Center will help to reduce the sugar and fat level in biscuits also it will include bioactive ingredients and more lighter without compromising the biscuit quality to improve health quality Nestlà © to acquire Kraft Foods frozen pizza business Nestle has showed the agree ness to acquired Kraft food frozen business in the US and Canada on 05-January, 2010 for USD 3.7 billion in cash, the reason for this acquisition is that US is the largest pizza market in the world about 37 billion USD and business includes brands California Pizza, DiGiorno, Tombstone, Jacks and Delissio, therefore this acquisition will provide a strong strategic pillar in the US and Canada where the company already established a leadership in dishes and hand held products such as Lean Cuisine, Buitoni, Lean Pockets, Stouffers and Hot Pockets Consequently on 01 March 2010 after completion of closing conditions Nestlà © has concluded the acquisition of Kraft Foods frozen pizza According to Paul Bulcke, CEO of Nestlà © This acquisition bringing together a selection of great US and Canadian brands and also enhances Nestlà ©s frozen food activities in North America where Nestlà © only had a minor presence until no Brands Nestlà © markets its products in 130 countries across the world Nestlà © manufactures around 10,000 different productsand employs some  250,000 people Nestlà © sells over  a billion products every day Around 3,500 people from  over 50 countries work in  Nestlà ©s worldwide network  of 17 research, development  and product testing centres. The Nestlà © Research Center  in Switzerland is our major  think-tank. Its a constant  source of new ideas and  scientific knowledge that  feeds the pipeline for all  Nestlà © products. It covers over 100 different  professional areas   including nutritional  science, the life sciences,  raw materials, ingredients  and production processes. Appendix No 1: Article of Associations General Article 1 Article 2 Corporate name; registered offices; Duration and Purpose. This category is consisting of two sub category or bias in which they explain company name, company registration and company purpose Share Capital. Article 3 Share capital Article 3bis Conditional share capital. On this section it has been explained the share capital of Nestle which is 100 000 000 registered shares and the value of each is CHF0.10 is worth CHF 10 000 000 (ten million Swiss francs). Also explain the shareholder rights to subscribe the new share and also point out the board of director power to may limit or withdraw the shareholder right to subscribe for new shares. Article 4 Share certificates; Dematerialised shares This article section has discussed the issue regarding registered shares or certificate. Moreover, it shows that valid certificate must be signed by two boards of directors, in case of cease shareholder have right to demand back the certificate at no cost. Article 5 Share register: This section of article has explained Recoganisation request of shareholder for voting right is based on company Recoganisation furthermore, registered shareholder with voting rights must have account owner and the minimum limit for voting right is more than 5 % of the share also Board of Directors shall announce regulations relating to the registration of nominees to ensure compliance with these Articles of Association. III. Organisation of Nestlà © Article 6 Powers of the General Meeting The firs article of this category has explained the power of General Meeting for instance: The General Meeting of shareholder will discuss the article of association also elect and remove the member of the board and approve the consolidated annual financial report also take all decisions which is by law and or under the articles of Association. Article 7 Annual General Meeting The Annual General Meeting held each year twice after the close of the financial year of Nestlà ©. Article 8 Extraordinary General Meeting 1 Extraordinary General Meetings convened by the Board of Directors on the request of shareholder whose holdings at least one tenth of the share capital. Article 9 Notice of General Meetings; Agenda 1 Extraordinary General Meetings convened by notice in the Swiss Official Gazette of Commerce with in twenty days before the date fixed also Shareholders may be informed by ordinary mail and allow one or more share holder whose combined represent at least 0.15 % of share capital allow request about the agenda of general meeting and made proposal . Article 10 Presiding officer; Minutes: The secretary of the board kept the minutes of General Meeting also Chairman or any member of the Board of Directors shall pre ­side and carry all procedural powers about General Meeting. Article 11 Voting rights; Proxies This article will explain that each recorded share with voting rights confers one Vote also in General meeting with respect to own shares or represented in excess of 5% shall be counted as one share holder. Article 12 Quorum and decisions This article will discuss about the voting and decision making process for instance duly constituted General Meetings irrespective of the number of shareholders or by the Articles of Association or law, also shareholders elections and resolutions will be decide by the majority of the shares represented. Board of Directors Article 14 15 Number of Directors and Term of office The Board of Directors shall consist of at least seven members also board shall be elected for a three years by the General Meeting. Furthermore each year board renewed by rotation also board will establish new order of rotation in the case of increase or decrease of board of director. Article 16 Organisation of the Board; Remuneration This article explains about board of director responsibility for instance the selection of chairman and voice chairmen also define board regulation and assignment of responsibilities. Article 17 Powers of the Board in general This article define the general power of board director can conduct business to the extent that is not within the board regulation or general meeting. Article 18 Specific powers of the Board the section of article define the board of director power for instance the board regulation, accounting and financial control, the appointment of new staff, the ultimate supervision, the preparation of business report , preparation of General meeting also the opening and closing of new and old branch office. Auditors Article 20 21 Number of Auditors; Term of office and Rights and duties of Auditors The auditor shall appoint for a term of one year in General Meeting and will verify the annual financial statement of company and submits this report in the General Meeting. Nestle- Nespresso AAA sustainable quality program Nestle has organised multi-stakeholder Programme in the coffee sector to introduce environmental, social and economical consideration in the supply chain for instance management of raw material from supplier to manufacturer or service provider to customer with improvement of environmental and social impact. Title: Nestle Nespresso AAA sustainable quality program: an investigation into the governance dynamics in a multi-stakeholder supply chain network Author(s): Gabriela Alvarez, Colin Pilbeam, Richard Wilding Journal: Supply Chain Management: An International Journal Year: 2010 Volume: 15   Issue:2   Page: 165 182 DOI: 10.1108/13598541011028769 Publisher: Emerald Group Publishing Limited NOTABLE FACTS Nestle is the top four water bottling companies in the world Moreover Nestle control one third bottled water market in America and sell water under 70 different brands name. Nestle Claims that Bottled water sales contributes to the plastic waste problem on the contrary. Nestlà © has been criticized for its marketing of infant formula in countries where potable water is scare also leading to reduction in breast feeding and increased risk of infants and also repeatedly sued for false advertising of its products and the impacts of its bottled water operations in different communities. according to a 2006 global survey of online consumers by the Reputation Institute, Nestlà © has a reputation score of 70.4 on a scale of 1-100. THE MODE OF INTERNATIONAL OPERATION (Source Nestlà © Fact book, Nestlà ©, 2007) MERGERS ACQUISITIONS Key Dates 1866 Company Founded 1905 Merger between Nestlà © and Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company 1929 Merger with Peter, Cailler, Kohler Chocolats Suisses S.A. 1947 Merger with Alimentana S.A. (Maggi) 1969 Vittel (equity interest) 1971 Merger with Ursina-Franck1974LOrà ©al (equity interest) 1977 Acquisition of Alcon (2002: partial IPO) 1985 Acquisition of Carnation 1988 Acquisition of Buitoni-Perugina 1988 Acquisition of Rowntree 1992 Acquisition of Perrier 1998 Acquisitions of San Pellegrino and Spillers Petfoods 2000 Acquisition of PowerBar 2001 Acquisition of Ralston Purina 2002 Acquisition of Schà ¶ller and Chef America 2003 Acquisition of Mà ¶venpick, Powwow and Dreyers 2004 Acquisition of Valio (ice cream activities) 2005 Acquisition of Wagner, Protà ©ika, Musashi JOINT VENTURES Key Dates 1974 LOrà ©al 1981 Galderma (joint venture with LOrà ©al) 1990 Cereal Partners Worldwide (joint venture with General Mills) 1991 Beverage Partners Worldwide (formerly CCNR) (joint venture with Coca Cola) 2002 Dairy Partners Americas (joint venture with Fonterra) Laboratories innà ©ov (joint venture with LOrà ©al) STRATEGIES ADOPTED TO REDUCE POLITICAL, OPERATIONAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE VULNERABILITIES Corporate Business Principles (International)(Source: Nestlà © Corporate Business Principles Document, Third Edition, September 2004, Nestlà © S.A., Public Affairs. Nestlà © is committed to the following Business Principles in all countries, taking into account local legislation, cultural and religious practices: Nestlà ©s business objective, and that of management and employees at all levels, is to manufacture and market the Companys products in such a way as to create value that can be sustained over the long term for shareholders, employees, consumers, business partners and the large number of national economies in which Nestlà © operates; Nestlà © does not favor short-term profit at the expense of successful long-term business development, but recognizes the need to generate a healthy profit each year in order to maintain the support of our shareholders and the financial markets, and to finance investments; Nestlà © recognizes that its consumers have a sincere and legitimate interest in the behavior, beliefs and actions of the Company behind brands in which they place their trust, and that without its consumers the Company would not exist; Nestlà © believes that, as a general rule, legislation is the most effective safeguard of responsible conduct, although in certain areas, additional guidance to staff in the form of voluntary business principles is beneficial in order to ensure that the highest standards are met throughout the organization; Nestlà © is conscious of the fact that the success of a corporation is a reflection of the professionalism, conduct and the responsible attitude of its management and employees. Therefore recruitment of the right people and ongoing training and development are crucial; Nestlà © operates in many countries and in many cultures throughout the world. This rich diversity is an invaluable source for our leadership. No single document can capture every legal obligation that may be required in each of these countries. Indeed, there may be conflicting legal requirements. Nestlà © continues to maintain its commitment to follow and respect all applicable local laws in each of its markets. If an interpretation of anything contained in Nestlà ©s Corporate Business Principles is construed as contrary to local laws, such interpretation should not be followed in that country. 1. Customer Meeting Consumers Needs: Nestlà © aims to create value that can be sustained over the long term by meeting consumer needs for nutrition, enjoyment, and quality they can trust. Nestlà ©s Communication with consumers is based on the following Basic Principles: Nestlà © consumer communication should reflect moderation in food consumption, and not encourage over-eating. This is especially important regarding children. Wherever possible, we should show children in healthy energetic pursuits and avoid the portrayal of an inactive lifestyle combined with unhealthy dietary patterns. 3. Nestlà © consumer communication must be congruent with healthy, balanced diets. Our advertising must not imply the replacement of meals with indulgence or snack foods, nor encourage heavy snacking. 4. Nestlà © is committed to advertising to children in a way that does not undermine the authority, responsibility, or judgment of parents or care providers. It must not encourage pester power. 5. Nestlà © advertising to children must not portray children in unsafe situations nor encourage them to accept invitations from people they do not know. 6. Nestlà © consumer communication about health benefits of products must have a sound nutritional basis. 7. Nestlà © consumer communication should not exploit violence, bad manners, or profanity. Its content must reflect good taste in a given country and culture. It should not depict attitudes that are discriminatory or offensive to religious, ethnic, political, cultural, or social groups. 8. Nestlà © communications must not show or encourage the consumption of our products in a way that could be considered dangerous. 2. Infant Health and Nutrition When Henri Nestlà © developed his milk food for babies over 130 years ago, it saved the life of a baby who could not be breast-fed. Nestlà ©s invention responded to the need for a nutritionally safe alternative to breast milk. Today, Nestlà © research and development creates high quality infant formula products for use when an alternative to breast milk is needed that is specifically nutritionally adapted. Nestlà © also offers superior complementary (weaning) foods.Henri Nestlà © also insisted that every mother able to breast-feed should do so. This principle is still the cornerstone of Nestlà © policy today, and is in line with the aim of the International  (WHO) Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes, which was adopted by the  World Health Assembly  in 1981. The International Code recognizes a legitimate market for breast-milk substitutes and provides recommendations to governments on how its marketing should be regulated. Therefore Nestlà ©:- encourages and supports breastfeeding as the best start in life;  carries out research and development aimed at the constant improvement of infant formula products for use when a safe alternative to breast milk is needed;- ensures that its infant food marketing practices conform strictly to national legislation, regulations, or other measures taken by governments to give effect to the aim and principles of the International Code.In addition, in all developing countries, whether or not their governments have taken action to fully implement the International Code, Nestlà ©:- gives detailed instructions to its staff on how to implement the International Code; provides a summary of its policy for the information of employees and the public in the form of the Nestlà © Instructions, which is transl ated into many languages; regularly conducts training of employees to ensure complete understanding of the Companys responsibilities under the International Code; Company on potential non-compliance with the International Code in a confidential way, outside line management structures. In each country the designated ombudsman investigates and reports alleged violations of the International Code directly to a member of the Nestlà © S.A. Executive Committee at the Companys global headquarters; Nestlà © is a founding member of the  International Association of Infant Food Manufacturers (IFM), which was formed to facilitate industry dialogue with  WHO  and governments, and to encourage responsible marketing standards for the infant food industry Human Rights Nestlà © fully supports the  United Nations Global Compacts  two guiding principles on human rights. Nestlà © therefore: Supports and respects the protection of international human rights within its sphere of influence (Principle 1) and Ensures that its own companies are not complicit in human rights abuses (Principle 2)Nestlà © aims to provide an example of good human rights practices throughout its business activities and has an interest in encouraging the improvement of social conditions, which are an important factor for sustainable development. Nestlà © also recognizes that governments are ultimately responsible for the establishment of a legal framework for protecting human rights within their markets. Nestlà © expects each market to respect and follow the local laws and regulations concerning human rights practices Nestlà © fully supports the  United Nations Global Compacts  four guiding principles on labor. Nestlà © therefore upholds:Freedom of association and the effective recognition of the right to collective bargaining (Principle 3) The elimination of all forms of forced and compulsory labor (Principle 4)The effective abolition of child labor (Principle 5)The elimination of discrimination in respect of employment occupation (Principle 6) Nestlà © also respects the local laws and regulations applicable to human resources in each of its markets. Human Resource Policy is also set by the local markets, which must follow local legal requirements. Nestlà © regards its personnel as its most valuable asset. Involvement at all levels starts with open communication, whether on specific aspects of the business, or about the activities of the Company in general. Suggestions for changes and proposals for improvements of Nestlà ©s practices are encouraged.

Solutions to Problems with the No Child Left Behind Act :: Teaching Education Essays Schools

The No Child Left Behind Act (NCLBA) deals with student achievement standards by holding schools accountable for the achievement of their students (Implementation 11). The NCLBA uses standardized tests to chart the success of students. If students are not meeting standards, the school is required to offer tutoring, which is funded by the state with Title I, the education mandate passed in which granted all public schools access to federal grants, money (No Subject 7). The Act itself is not the problem; the problem is that the Adequate Yearly Progress (AYP) standard which is a big part of the NCLBA is not being met. The AYP standard is not being met because schools are not changing their methods quickly enough. It was said in the NCLBA that schools nationwide were to have 100% proficiency of the AYP standard within 12 years (Implementation 9). Since the passing of the NCLBA in 2001, most public schools, nationwide have not improved at all. Solutions There are a number of ways that this problem can be solved. To start, teachers could have to have higher credentials, thus giving them a better understanding of the subject areas in which they teach, and giving the students more and better sources (Facts). Right now teachers are only required to have a bachelor’s degree and be certified to teach, have a teaching certificate. Also, schools could require a minimum amount of studying per week for each student (Implementation 8). As of now, the only schools that require a certain amount of study time are private schools. In each class, there is scheduled time each day/week set aside for studying. Basically, it is a study hall. A lot of schools have study halls already set in place, but, for example, Aransas Pass High School is one of the many schools across the nation which do not enforce studying during that time (Crenshaw). There is one very obvious, but extremely flawed solution to this problem. Schools need to change their curriculums and start focusing more on the

Innocence Lost by Nathaniel Hawthorne Essay -- Nathaniel Hawthorne Inn

Innocence Lost by Nathaniel Hawthorne My Kinsman, Major Molineux and Young Goodman Brown present Nathaniel Hawthorne’s belief in the universality of sin. These works provide numerous perspectives into the nature of the human condition and the individual’s role within it. Hawthorne fictionalizes a world where communion with man is essential for spiritual satisfaction. The main characters of these stories face moral dilemmas through their pursuit of human communion. Whether the problems are moral, psychological, or both, Hawthorne insists that the individual must come to affirm a tie with the procession of life, must come to achieve some sense of brotherhood of man. In order to commune with mankind, one has to give up a secure, ordered and innocent world. The individual becomes liable to a fearsome array of complex emotions. One feels alienated by a community that forces himself to corruption while his isolation creates an ambiguity. The newly initiated into the rites of man appears no more moral than th ose who he disdains. Hawthorne presents a world where communion with mankind leads to corruption while isolation from humans is an unpardonable sin. Nathaniel Hawthorne presents an interesting predicament in man's search for communion with his fellow man. Coming of age in Hawthorne's time requires an affirmation of sin, communion with sinners and celebration of life through sin. Hawthorne creates this environment by grounding the consequences on earth. To feel the universal throb of brotherhood, one must recognize sin, participate in and celebrate it. Hawthorne affirms, recognizes and revels in the depravity of the human condition. The first fatal step of understanding human nature is a self-conscious probing that ends in confusion. The story of My Kinsmen, Major Molineux presents the youthful character of Robin on his way from the country to the town of Boston. He wishes to succeed within the community, and figures that it will not be difficult because of his connection through Major Molineux, a prominent figure of the community. Hawthorne erodes innocence slowly through the harsh experience of urban realities. Robin’s initial contact with the residents of this community jostles his confidence. He does not yet understand the harshness of adults and happily continues on his way. But Hawthorne underscores the cost of his yearning. Robin has t... ... later. Camus insists Sisyphus is happy or there is no joy or redemption for life on earth. The profundity of Hawthorne is apparent in his notions of the human condition. Nathaniel Hawthorne concludes his discovery of sin in the human condition at the point of universal appeal. The key for Hawthorne’s understanding of the human condition is the recognition of the universality of sin. So take this work for its imperfections, instead of tormenting these ideas with the harsh meter stick of faithless standards. Nathaniel Hawthorne believes that understanding man is understanding its moral condition of imperfection. Works Cited: Hawthorne, Nathaniel. â€Å"Ethan Brand†. Nathaniel Hawthorne’s Tales. Ed. James McIntosh. Norton Critical Edition. New York: Norton, 1987. 231-244. Hawthorne, Nathaniel. â€Å"My Kinsman, Major Molineux†. Norton Anthology of American Literature. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 1994. 1173-1186. Hawthorne, Nathaniel. â€Å"Young Goodman Brown†. Norton Anthology of American Literature. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 1994. 1198-1207. Stubbs, John C. The Pursuit of Form: a study of Hawthorne and the romance. Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1970.

Air Pollution :: essays research papers

Air Pollution   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Air, is the most essential element for all living organisms and yet, most humans play a big role on polluting this essential resource. Air pollution may not be as dangerous in its direct outcome as nuclear or water pollution can be, but in the long term it will have an tremendous effect on the environment and health of its organisms living in. Asthma, cancer, acid rain, and the disability to photosynthesize are only a few causes of air pollution.The atmospheric pollutants with the greatest effect onto the environment are the carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrocarbons, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, dust particles, radioactive isotopes, and chlorofluorocarbons. The major sources that enable carbon monoxide to enter the atmosphere are the exhausts of cars, the burning of fossil fuels, and the oxidation of natural methane. Carbon dioxide is caused by the consumption of fossil fuels only and it causes the possible greenhouse effect which has global warming as an outcome. Hydrocarbons are caused by the combustion of oil and petrol and it effects the environment with carcinogen. Carcinogen is a chemical agent that causes cancer. Sulphur dioxide is certainly one of the major atmospheric pollutants considered that it causes stinging eyes, lung damage, asthma, and acid rain. It is the result of coal-fired power stations. Nitrogen oxides that is produced by the exhaust of cars, causes pneumonia and asphyxia. The outcome of the well known dust particles is often underestimated. It is caused by industrial chimneys, car exhaust, and volcanic eruptions and it effects the environment by toxic effects and damage of the lungs. Radioactive isotopes which are caused by small quantities from nuclear waste and nuclear accidents have an carcinogenic effect on the environment as well. The outcome of chlorfluorocarbons, which had been first discovered in the 80s is that it destroys the ozone layer. Many of those major atmospheric pollutants combined produce th e dangerous and well known smoke and gas emission called smog. Smog or dust dome is most often formed when a layer of cool air is trapped beneath a layer of still warmer air. The mixture of benzopyrene ( a cancer causing substance that is produced by the evaporation of petrol), the waste of hydrocarbons, combined with nitrogen dioxide, oxygen, and sunlight produce the photochemical smog which can be recognized as the yellow cloud over every big city in the world. Besides that optical effect it causes an increase of ozone in the lower atmosphere and the health conditions of the particular organism living in such an area.

Community Policing Essay

1. Explain the concept Total Quality Management (TQM) and give examples of each stage of the process (Lesson Two Notes and Internet Research). TQM is a structured approach to organizational management. It entails several steps to identify, assess and implement solutions to problems. The first step is to identify a problem: This could be a patient complaint or an internal process that is not working. The next step would be to assess any needed corrective action. This is done through teamwork and collaboration by brainstorming on how the complaint can be resolved or what part of the process is not working. The questions to ask are; how can we improve? Additional steps are implementing the new process and checking the quality to see if it is actually an improvement. This is done through feedback, surveys and visual observance. 2. How is the nature of crime changing? What types of crimes do you feel we will have to deal with in the future, possibly some that we presently do not deal with? Crime has been changing in numerous ways. With the internet, to name a few, there are crimes of fraud, identity theft and hackers using spam and viruses to steal information and funds. Bank robberies are occurring online and criminals are avoiding the risk of getting caught by robbing them in person. New drugs are manufactured or smuggled into the US constantly and law enforcement is not able to keep up. With the advancements of electronic technology, I foresee many crimes being committed against people who use electronics solely for protecting their home, investments, etc. Hackers will be able to bypass any home security system and gain entry through electronic means. We will no longer be safe in the fortress we thought was solid. Another crime that has the potential to escalate is the creation and selling of coins simila r to bitcoins. Because they are relatively new, people don’t know much about them and take a risk in investing in them. I can visualize fraud and Ponzi type crimes as a result. 3. Explain what is meant by the title of Chapter Two: Engaging in a Changing Society. Be sure to give examples. Actually the title is â€Å"Partnerships in a Changing Society† and discusses the relationship between the community and police as times change. This includes a number of concepts like; communitarianism, in which a community is given the rights and responsibilities to take care of itself by  developing community watches, preventing drug dealers from selling in their neighborhoods; social capital, which is a form of bonding between the community and its individuals, like churches and schools. And last but not least there are volunteers who provide an invaluable service to the police free of charge. These services range from fundraising to helping out in soup kitchens. 4. How does the traditional police organization contrast with the community problem solving strategy of community policing? There are several ways traditional policing contrasts with COPPS. Initially, the government was solely responsible for ensuring laws were enforced while now, both the public and police work together to prevent crimes. In the past, issues important to the police were not important or not taken seriously by other public service departments. In today’s policing, they all assume some responsibility in trying to improve quality of life. Crimes that netted high values were the focus of law enforcement while now, crimes that disrupt a citizens way of like and is of concern has become the focus. These are but just a few ways the two contrasts. 5. How can government most effectively expand its commitment to customer service? Currently, the government has offered services online as well as post updated information to be reviewed by the public. These include; calls for services as some police departments, sheriff’s departments share information about sex offenders in the area as well as arrests and police reports on a daily basis. By providing this type of information to the public, it shows the government as being a willing participant in an effort to protect our communities.

Planning And Leading A Complex Team Activity Essay

Be able to plan a complex team activity Since Malta joined the European Union in 2004, the free movement of goods and services within the community, brought about through membership, has re-defined the roles and relationships between suppliersand retailers. It has therefore become increasingly common for retailers to bypass importers/suppliers and purchase directly from the source. In the meantime, Malta being a country with limited natural resources, a favourable climate and long history, Malta’s economy has traditionally been highly dependent on tourism. As a direct result of the current global recession, the number of tourists visiting our island is expected to decline over the next 5 years. This set off an alarm to all importation and tourism dependent businesses causing them to review their business strategy and identify additional business opportunities. My line of business is the importation and distribution of silver filigree jewellery to retail outlets, which target mainly tourists, and summer accounts for about 80% of my total business. So, after I experienced slower than prior year’s growth in sales last year, I started giving serious consideration to opening a single or chain of retail outlets. My primary objective was to deliver my products to tourists directly and at the same time promoting my products instead of relying on my retail competitors to do it. My greatest concern at first was how to deal with the reaction of loyal retail clients to this proposed new strategy. Will they still be willing to purchase goods form me once they perceive me as a competitor instead of a reliable â€Å"partner†? However, eliminating the middle person should almost double my gross profit margin as well as provides me with greater control of my own destiny. In order to go down this path I will also have to consider the capital investment which will be required and the increase in operating costs this change in strategy will bring about. My experience as an entrepreneur has taught me that the competitive analysis of a business plan should be a statement of the business strategy and how this relates to the competition. My objectives therefore includedidentifying the strengths and weaknesses of my competitors within the market, as well as strategies that will provide an edge to develop and prevent my competitors from increasing their market share, and any weakness that can be exploited through product development. When I discussed my concerns with my financial adviser he suggested that I should conduct a feasibility study before embarking on a major change in strategy, and to ascertain that it will be bear fruit for at least ten (10) years. When the study was completed it resulted that, not only was it necessary to adopt this strategy, but that it should also increase profitability on the long run. I then proceeded to put together a five year business plan which identified the need to open at least four retail outlets during the first two years after implementation. However, in order to implement the new business strategy without disrupting the ongoing operations, a qualified project manager had to be identified and recruited in order to lead this project. Once this person was on board, his or her primary objective would be to create and manage the expansion of my business into retail with minimal negative impact on the existing import/distribution business. A New Project Manager was indeed recruited and his first recommendation was to operate the new retail business through a subsidiary entity in order to insulate the already established import and distribution business. He then also proposed setting up a special team, made up of five individuals already employed in the existing organisation, which he would chair, and would be actively involved in creating an action plan leading to the opening and operations of four retail outlets and an organisational structure for the operations of this new subsidiary. This included setting up separate sales, marketing, IT and administration divisions with each division head reporting to an operations manager. My own role would be expanded to that of shadow director of the new subsidiary in order to minimise the risk of damaging our relationship with existing retail clients. Therefore, the four individuals  who were selected to be part of this new project team included one person from each of the fo ur divisions of the current business operations. Re-engineering an already profitable business organisation naturally involves risk. However, if properly managed this will be a calculated one as long as all potential obstacles should be anticipated and properly dealt with. I have learned in the past that whoever is not willing to take risk is not a good leader. â€Å"To win without risk is to triumph without glory† (Pierre Corneille, Pratt, J, J, 2009). One of the cornerstones of the new retail operations is to create uniformity for all four outlets. This included consistent decor, same opening and closing times and days and staffed by smartly dressed sales staff. The action plan created by the new project team listed the need to identify the locations of the four stores as top priority and that negotiating leases would be the responsibility of the project manager. The plan also called for staffing each store with two sales assistants and one store manager. The marketing department would be staffed by one individual to start and the administration department would require a full time human resources professional and one part-time person. This meant that we needed to recruit 15 new employees to make up four sales teams and support for these. The present IT manager’s role would be expanded to support the requirements of the new subsidiary. It will be necessary however to out-source the initial set-up and integration of the new subsidiary operations into the existing IT system and therefore create a centralised data base for all the silver items for all the shops to have access to all stocks. This would enable shops to offer customers special high value items which they do not typically stock in their outlet. Be able to communicate information on the activity to your team. The new project team was scheduled to meet every Tuesday and Thursday of each week from 8.30am till 10.30am. Minutes of each meeting were kept and shared at the beginning of each meeting with each team member. The team chairperson met with me every Friday from 8.30am till 10.30am to keep me  updated on progress and to obtain my feedback. This helped to set a clear framework for all the activities, roles, tasks and goals set by the team. Each team member was chosen to fill a specific role in order to achieve our final objective based on their expertise and experience. The first team meeting was attended by myself, the New Project Manager and the five team members. After introducing the New Project Manager to the team I briefed them on the purpose and aims of this new business activity and provided them the opportunity to ask questions, make any comments and even raise any concerns. The team member from the Sales Division was assigned the responsibility to make recommendations relating to the ideal locations and optimal size of the four shops, as well as the desirable qualifications of the retail Sales staff. Recommendations had to be both realistic and achievable, taking into consideration the high cost of retail space on the island and the limited number of applicants which would be available to choose from. The team member from the Marketing Division was assigned the responsibility to create an image of the retail shop network as well as to propose a three year advertising plan mainly aimed at tourists. Cost projections were to be presented with these recommendations and these had to be in conformity with the resources budgeted for this activity. A member from Finance was also selected to be included in this team. Finance was to first develop a detailed budget for this project which I had to approve. All expenditures related to this project were to be accounted for separately in the finance system in order to closely monitor the project activities. These costs were to be treated as nonrecurring in order to keep them separate from ongoing operations. The Finance team member was also required to set up a financial system for the new subsidiary, separately from the current financial system. However, the two systems were to be compatible in order to facilitate periodic consolidation. The team member from Administration was also responsible for human resource  matters. This team member was assigned the task of searching for the stores to lease in accordance venue recommendations made by sales team member. Human resources were asked to develop an organisation chart for the new subsidiary, preparing job descriptions for the prospective employees, designing vacancy notifications and interviewing prospective candidates. The IT team member would be responsible for identifying the hardware and software requirements for the integration of the subsidiary into the existing IT system. Input from the Sales and Finance team members were critical in identifying specifications required and preparing requests for quotations from at least three different suppliers for the acquisition and installation of these services and hardware. Each team member was required to provide a weekly update on their assignments to be presented at each meeting. Every communication needed to be clear and supported by a task chart. Each team member was also given the opportunity to ask for more details if they were not clear on some topic or if they felt that one member’s actions conflicted in any way with their own plans. For example, it was proposed by the Sales Team member that the shop assistants would need to prepare an order at the end of each week to replenish their stocks. The IT team member had proposed an automated system to do this instead. Be able to review own ability to lead a team through a complex activity This system, though slow to yield results in the beginning, worked well and continued to improve as each member saw how their role and contribution fit into the overall objective. The New Project Manager made sure that each member felt empowered and accountable for his or her role in the project and, as importantly, that the entire team would take credit for the success of the project, not just the team manager. This helped build up team spirit and made every team member feel committed to make the project a complete success. Each team member’s progress report was matched to the master time chart prior  to my weekly meeting with the New Project Manager who also came prepared with proposed solutions to solve any deviation from the plan. Once we agreed on the solutions, these were communicated to the team members at the next Tuesday team meeting. In order to effectively manage a team, such as the one assembled for this complex activity, motivating the team had to be a leader’s top priority. This was achieved by encouraging their participation and asking each member to share their ideas during team meetings. A leader’s role is that of facilitator and coordinator, allowing each team member to take responsibility for their share of the full task and obtaining their commitment to deliver. A leader’s effectiveness is therefore judged by the success of the team in achieving a goal such as the one at hand, namely to set up a chain of four retail outlets to compliment the import and distribution business. Bibliography Pratt, J, J, 2009. Turtle on a Fence Post: Wisdom Graduates Need to Make It in the Real World, 365 Days of Life Lessons. 1st ed. UK: Agio Publishing House, 2009.